Manufacturing of CeO$_2$ ceramics by an aqueous gelcasting shaping process was studied. This study has focused on the identification of critical parameters that influence the properties of suspensions and CeO2 ceramics. It is shown that ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) and 3,3-diaminodipropylamine (DPTA) are suitable gelling agents for gelcasting process. This system has many advantages as low toxicity, limited impact on suspensions viscosity, and it does not disturb CeO$_2$ dispersion by ammonium polyacrylate (PAA) in water. As a result, suspensions with high solid loading of 50 vol% were obtained. Solid loading appears as a critical parameter to control suspensions rheology, casting feasibility and final microstructural features of CeO$_2$ ceramics. Finally, CeO$_2$ ceramics with high relative density (>96%), good surface finish and complex shape were manufactured by gelcasting and natural sintering at 1500 °C for 1 h.